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[–] AssumingControl ago 

40 times refers to the number of duplication cycles during the Reaction. You first have a sample, wash it, purify it and add chemicals to multiply the DNA strands you are looking for. Since DNA is of very low concentration in the sample, you gotta make more of it to have detectable amounts in your end product. Each of the 40 cycles effectively doubles the amount of DNA, because during one cycle one strand of DNA gets split and the halves (mono-strands) are each completed using free bases which you added during preparation.

[–] Swiiirlyhunter ago 

Lol, I know..