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[–] 16461757? ago 

>>12736432

>>12736434

part 3

Synergism in aluminum and mercury neurotoxicity.

Aluminum and mercury are common neurotoxic contaminants in our environment - from the air we breathe to the water that we drink to the foods that we eat. It is remarkable that to date neither of these two well-established environmental neurotoxins (i.e. those having a general toxicity towards brain cells) and genotoxins (those agents which exhibit directed toxicity toward the genetic apparatus) have been critically studied, nor have their neurotoxicities been evaluated in human neurobiology or in cells of the human central nervous system (CNS). In this paper we report the effects of added aluminum [sulfate; Al₂(SO₄)₃] and/or mercury [sulfate; HgSO4] to human neuronal-glial (HNG) cells in primary co-culture using the evolution of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB (p50/p65) complex as a critical indicator for the onset of inflammatory neurodegeneration and pathogenic inflammatory signaling. As indexed by significant induction of the NF-kB (p50/p65) complex the results indicate: (i) a notable increase in pro-inflammatory signaling imparted by each of these two environmental neurotoxins toward HNG cells in the ambient 20-200 nM range; and (ii) a significant synergism in the neurotoxicity when aluminum (sulfate) and mercury (sulfate) were added together. This is the first report on the neurotoxic effects of aluminum sulfate and/or mercury sulfate on the initiation of inflammatory signaling in human brain cells in primary culture. The effects aluminum+mercury together on other neurologically important signaling molecules or the effects of other combinations of common environmental metallic neurotoxins to human neurobiology currently remain not well understood but certainly warrant additional investigation and further study in laboratory animals, in human primary tissue cultures of CNS cells, and in other neurobiologically realistic experimental test systems.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29938114

-Mercury toxicity: Genetic susceptibility and synergistic effects

''It is well documented in the literature that mercury toxicity is synergistic with other heavy metals such as cadmium and lead. It is also known that certain antibiotics greatly enhance the toxicity of thimerosal in ocular solutions and that antibiotics prevent test animals from effectively excreting mercury. The major known difference between males and females is their hormones. We therefore investigated the possible involvement of aluminum cation (found in vaccines), antibiotics (neomycin) and male versus female (estrogen versus testosterone) on the toxic effects of 50 nanomolar (nM) thimerosal on neurons in culture. Neurons can be cultured for 24 hours without much

death (Fig. 6). Fifty nanomolar thimerosal alone (solid circles [●]) will cause the death of about 70% of the neurons within 24 hours. The synergistic effects of aluminum, neomycin and testosterone are shown (Fig. 6) and are as follows: Aluminum: Aluminum hydroxide alone (solid triangles [▲]) at 500 nM showed no significant death of cells at 6 hours, and only slight toxicity over the 24-hour period. Thimerosal at 50 nM effected only a slight increase in neuron death at 6 hours. However, in the presence of 50 nM thimerosal plus 500 nM aluminum hydroxide (open triangles [Δ]), the neuronal death increases to roughly 60%, an amazing increase and clearly demonstrates the synergistic effects of other metals on mercury toxicity and certainly thimerosal toxicity. ''

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237761013_Mercury_toxicity_Genetic_susceptibility_and_synergistic_effects

https://1796web.com/pdfs/haley.pdf